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Work hard to discover
early Chinese immigrants'
contributions
Phoenix's
Pioneer & Military Memorial Park is one of the earliest
cemeteries in Phoenix with significant
historic values. The cemetery
is the burial ground for many famous people and preserves much
importantinformation about the early settlers of Arizona.
On the 11-acre cemetery divided into seven zones, there are
3,700 tombs and about 600 tombstones. The early Chinese settlers
were buried among the poor in the cemetery.
From 1886 to 1914, there were 50 Chinese and Chinese descendants
buried in the cemetery and many of these Chinese’
remains were later transferred back to China by their loved
ones.
Since these Chinese did not appear on the obituary sections of
the local newspapers, there is very limited information in
identifying these Chinese nor their families and descendants.
In the last
century from 1991 to 1992, Arizona State University
archaeologist K. J. Schroeder excavated a tombstone with
Chinese inscriptions in a downtown “Pioneer & Military Memorial
Park”(
PCA)
, He tried to find the descendants of the tomb in order
to promote the glorious history of the overseas Chinese
pioneering the Arizona. He seek the help of Chinese scholars
Mr. William Tang. but, Many years passed, the search for the
descendants of the tome returned no results, due to the fact
there was no one who could figure out the name of the dead on
the tombstone which was translated from the accent of the Canton
dialect. As a result, who the occupant of the tomb is still
remains unknown in the cemetery historical archives.
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K. J. Schroeder (L) and William Tang (
唐孝先先生) |
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鄧湘遠墓碑(Ong , Shiang
Yuen, 1862-1913 ) |
the occupant of the tomb is
still remains unknown in the cemetery historical archives.
Homer Zhang (Phoenix Chinese
Welfare Council president ) has spent
many years investigating at the cemetery, in hopes of unraveling
the mystery tombstone. There are only a few Chinese words
inscribed on the tombstone -- “Kai Ping Da Lou Villager, Ong
Shiang Yuen.” The word “Deng” was written astonishingly and the
“Yuan” impressively. If the word “Yuan” were taken apart, one
would think of the overseas Chinese ancestor who, in order to
“earn his living,” brought a handful of hometown “soil” with
plodding pace before boarding on a no-way-out “boat” and came to
the so called “gold mountain.” It is not just a personal name,
but a reality-- far away from hometown, it seems he who died
abroad at last is forgotten by loved ones and as time goes by;
his grave no longer exists with only lonely tombstone; worse
still, his soul is unable to return home but become a lonely
soul and ghost wandering in the cemetery of desolate wilderness
for over a hundred years. In
early times after Deng’s burial, relatives had paid him
tributes, but the grave left unvisited for years as they passed
away.
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Surrounded by bricks round is
more than 100 years ago the Chinese cemetery, on the left there
is a cemetery in the only Chinese tombstone。 |
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Mr. Zhang started to look online
for information about Kai Ping Da Lou Village, yet he found
nothing but a zip code! When Mr. Zhang almost abandoned
himself to despair, Phoenix Chinese Welfare Council
,Ong
Ko Met Family,Pioneer
& Military Memorial Park,PCA
Volunteer Donna Carr , Mr. William
Tang , and many senior overseas Chinese from Kai Ping offered
him help and clues. After 20 years of unremitting information
accumulation and efforts to explore, Mr. Zhang finally
discovered the meaning of “Yuan” in the Deng family genealogy
records and unraveled the life story of the tomb occupant.
According to Mr. Zhang’s research, the tombstone and the Chinese
inscriptions were identified as the earliest pieces of cultural
relics Phoenix overseas Chinese ancestors left behind; and the
Xiang Yuan Deng family actively made contributions to
culture,
economy, military and law in Arizonahistory.
Relics of a century old in the
United States that was founded over 200 years ago are as
precious as those of a thousand years old discovered in China.
In this historical memorial cemetery, were once buried 50 early
Chinese settlers. Later, some of their remains were
transferred back to China by their relatives, some moved to
other cemeteries, and the 22 unclaimed still stayed. Currently,
except the genealogy of the tomb occupant, Deng Xiang yuan
family before and after the generation of six generations of
genealogy has been found, there are merely names in English of
Chinese accent and other incomplete information about the rest
of the tomb occupants. Because they are the first batch of
Phoenix Chinese from China, the local Chinese community held a
commemorative ceremony for them.
May 26, 2014, Chinese community
leaders and members of the Chinese community organizations
visited the Chinese cemetery of the Pioneer & Military Memorial
Park in commemorating the Chinese ancestors and pioneers with
wreath flowers. They were senior Chinese community leader John
M. Yee, and representatives from Chinese United Association of
Greater Phoenix, Phoenix Chinese Welfare Council, Ong Ko Met
Family Association, Yee Fung Toy Family Association, Kaiping
Benevolent Association of Phoenix, Chinese Restaurant
Association of Arizona, Ying On Merchants & Benevolent
Association, Taiwan Benevolent Association of Phoenix, Lung Kong
Family Association of Phoenix Arizona, Phoenix academia, Arizona
Sunbird News.
Initiated by the senior Chinese
community leader, John Yee in 2014, the Phoenix Chinese Welfare
Council decided to raise funds for the building of a memorial
tombstone in order to honor the Phoenix Chinese ancestors for
their contributions, and to allow the souls of those unclaimed
tomb occupants to rest in peace and receive tributes from the
Chinese community.
This decision has been highly
valued and strongly supported by the management of the Phoenix
Pioneer & Military Memorial Parks and Greenwood/Memory Lawn
Mortuary & Cemetery. Having gone through quite a few procedures
and long waiting, the monument was finally built and shipped
from China to Phoenix. September 16, 2015, the Chinese
United Association of Greater Phoenix organizations in
Arizona held a memorial tombstone laying ceremony.
November 21,2015
Held memorial.
The
Foundation Ceremony for the Monument to the Phoenix Chinese
Ancestors
Phoenix's Pioneer & Military
Memorial Park is one of the earliest cemeteries in Phoenix with
significant historic values. The cemetery is the burial ground
for many famous people and preserves much important information
about the early settlers of Arizona. On the 11-acre cemetery
divided into seven zones, there are 3,700 tombs and about 600
tombstones. The early Chinese settlers were buried among the
poor in the cemetery. From 1886 to 1914, there were 50 Chinese
and Chinese descendants buried in the cemetery and many of these
Chinese’ remains were later transferred back to China by their
loved ones. Since these Chinese did not appear on the obituary
sections of the local newspapers, there is very limited
information in identifying these Chinese nor their families and
descendants.
In 1993, ASU anthropologists K.J
Schroeder and his archaeological excavation team excavated the
cemetery and unearthed some Chinese coins, bone made tools,
jade, small Bodhisattvas and other objects. The archaeologist
published the book, "Pioneer & Military Memorial Park
Archaeological Project in Phoenix Arizona 1990-1992." Among the
early tombstones in the cemetery, there is only one with Chinese
inscription - "Grave of Xiang Yuan Tang, Kaiping Dai Lou
Village.” With little clues about this tomb, the archaeologist
reached out to the Tempe Chinese school principal, William
Tang. Mr. Tang published a message in the local Chinese
newspaper, hoping to find the descendants of the tomb in order
to study the life, thoughts and family of the tomb owner and to
promulgate the glorious history of the Chinese pioneers. But 20
years passed by, the tombstone mystery had remained unsolved.
Homer Zhang( President of
Phoenix Chinese Welfare Council), has spent years in collecting
relevant information in hopes to unravel the mystery tombstone,
through querying Chinese family names, researching genealogy
records, visiting former overseas Chinese, and inquiring
cemeteries in U.S. and China. Mr. Zhang published over 10
articles online and through local Chinese newspapers on the
mystery tombstone. Mr. Zhang’s articles received vast feedbacks
from the Chinese communities -- many senior overseas Chinese
provided clues and the cemetery offered help. After years of
effort, the mystery had finally been solved. According to Mr.
Zhang’s research, Xiang Yuan Tang is found in the genealogy
records of the family of Thomas Tang (1922-1995), Justice of the
U.S. Ninth Circuit Court. Xiang Yuan Tang is one of earliest
Chinese settler in Arizona and his tombstone is the earliest
tombstone inscribed with Chinese characters. His tombstone
provides great reference value for the future research of
Chinese history in Arizona.
May 26, 2014, Chinese community
leaders and members of the Chinese community organizations
visited the Chinese cemetery of the Pioneer & Military Memorial
Park in commemorating the Chinese ancestors and pioneers with
wreath flowers. They were senior Chinese community leader John
M. Yee, and representatives from Chinese United Association of
Greater Phoenix, Phoenix Chinese Welfare Council, Ong Ko Met
Family Association,
Yee Fung Toy Family Association,
Kaiping
Benevolent Association of Phoenix,
Chinese Restaurant Association of
Arizona,
Ying On Merchants & Benevolent
Association,
Taiwan Benevolent Association of
Phoenix,
Lung Kong Family Association of
Phoenix Arizona, Phoenix academia, Arizona Sunbird
News.
There is a deep feeling about
the fifty Chinese pioneers who buried in the early Chinese
cemetery. Either in life or after death, these Chinese are
classified with low status, subjected to discrimination in the
era of anti-Chinese. Their lives were filled with a lot of sad
stories. Xiang Yuan Tang’s thin little tombstone is a humble
portrayal of the Chinese status during the era. As Tang was
buried ages ago, it seems it is so difficult for his soul to
return to hometown and join his loved ones. His tombstone stands
in the neglected cemetery in self-pity, as if it is waiting ...
in solitude years. Today, the page of Chinese pioneers is
finally turned. Chinese tombstones provide us with precious
historical and cultural heritage values. From now on, "the
First Chinese Cemetery Monument" and the name of Xiang Yuan Tang
will no longer be forgotten.
Followings are two pictures
Homer Zhang took in contrast: one by the Xiang Yuan Tan’s
tombstone at the old cemetery, and the other by the Chinese
Cemetery Memorial monument at the Greenwood Memory Lawn Mortuary
& Cemetery.
The current Chinese cemetery is
located at Greenwood Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery.
Greenwood Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery is founded in 1906 and
it is the largest cemetery in Arizona. In 1992, Chinese
community leader, John M. Yee, realized the Chinese cemeteries
were not centralized in term of location. Therefore, he
worked with Phoenix Chinese Welfare Council and the Greenwood
Cemetery management to negotiate the opening up of the Phoenix’s
first "Chinese Cemetery Park" (Chinese Memorial Garden).
The Greenwood Cemetery management not only established a
monument to commemorate the Chinese cemetery, but also developed
a sector as "royal cemetery," namely luxury grave sites,
reflecting the management’s high level of respect for the
Chinese. This level of respect would never occur in the
past. As result of the high respect in the Chinese culture
and customs, there is a great demand for the Chinese to choose
the Greenwood Cemetery as their burial site. Today as the
Chinese social status has been significantly improved and have
integrated with the mainstream, they are no longer depressed
with injustice of the past, but more actively to face it and
involved to improve the system. They also take the courage
to participate in the future development and innovation.
Currently, the old Chinese
cemetery still has about twenty Chinese ancestors buried there.
The Phoenix Chinese Welfare Council decided to establish a
monument in memory of these Chinese pioneers in Arizona for
their great contribution to the Chinese community. This
decision has been strongly supported by the Phoenix city
government, executives of the cemetery and Chinese United
Association of Greater Phoenix. The monument has now been
built
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1. Deng Xiang yuan family
contribution
to Arizona's history and culture. |
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Deng Xiangyuan family’s
contribution to Arizona’s history and culture
Deng Xianyuan’s cemetery
marker mystery has finally been solved with the
assistance of Phoenician Deng Xibang (91 years old in
2017) who provided an ancestry chart which displayed six
generations of the Deng family. (reference
footnote 1)
According to the chart,
Xiangyuans’s father was Deng Tianfang, leader of the 15th
generation’s clan that moved south. (see page 10)
Deng Tianfang had four
sons: Fanyuan, Zaoyuan, Xianyuan, and Xiangyuan.
Xianyuan and Xiangyuan were the first Chinese to come to
Phoenix. There is not much recorded about Deng
Xiangyuan except that he had two sons, Deng Zhangye and
Deng Benye.
Deng Xiangyuan’s older
son Zhangye had a son named Yousen in Kaiping, who was
killed in a robbery. Deng Zhengye thereupon adopted his
younger brother’s son Deng Shiqin. Deng Shiqin’s son was
Deng Runyang. Deng Runyang had two sons, Deng Zongming
and Deng Zongye. Deng Zongming is now in Hong Kong.
Deng Zongye is now living in Kaiping and is one of the
informers of the Deng clan.
Deng Xiangyuan’s younger
son Deng Benye came to America at an early date.
Because his wife did not bear a son In Kaiping and
received no benefits, he adopted a 6-year old boy named
Deng Ruihai in 1940. He came to America in 1965 as a
refugee and is now 77 years old. Deng Ruihai has three
sons and three grandsons living in Phoenix. Because the
sons and grandsons do not know Chinese, they do not know
anything about Deng Xiangyuan. Deng Benye had a
daughter Deng Ruixia who passed away in Phoenix10 years
ago.
Deng Xiangyuan’s third
older brother Deng Xianyuan came to Phoenix in 1885.
His son Deng Langye was born in America and went back to
China to marry. His wife bore a son named Deng Xibang
in Kaiping in 1926. Deng Langye returned to America and
opened a restaurant and worked at his nephew Deng
Sheng’s Sun Mercantile Company. Deng Xibang came to
America in 1947 and still lives in Phoenix.
Deng Xiangyuan’s son
Deng Benye went back to Hong Kong as a young man and
lived with his nephew Deng Xibang when Japan invaded and
occupied Hong Kong, learning more about the family
clan. According to nephew Deng Xibang’s memory, when
Deng Benye first returned to Hong Kong, he was nattily
dressed in a western suit and drank expensive spirits,
showing that he came from a well-established family.
During these troubled times, he was unable to continue
his spendthrift ways or return to America and had to
drink cheap liquor. Deng Benye finally returned to his
family’s country manor until he died.
The ” Deng Tianfang
Fifteenth Generation Geneology Chart” shows six
generations of Deng Fangtian’s family, and the grave
marker provided valuable clues to who Deng Xiangyuan.
Having scrutinized the
Pioneer and Military Memorial Park records and other
documents, (reference footnote 2) the name Ong Shiang Yuan appeared. Ong is
the Kaiping pronunciation of the name Deng. Consulting
members of the Phoenix Ong Ko Met Association resulted
in ambiguities due to the differences in Chinese
dialects and romanizations. But after this geneology
chart was discovered after twenty-plus years was the
mystery of the cemetery marker’s name unveiled.
(reference name chart on page 9)
After much continuous
effort, this hundred- year-old cemetery marker mystery
has been resolved: Deng Xiangyuan was born in China in
1862. He came to Phoenix in 1883 at the age of 21 as a
businessman. He died on June 6, 1913 at the age of 51
and was buried in the Pioneer and Military Memorial Park
Loosley plot. He has no relatives in the United
States. Deng Xiangyuan may not be the earliest Chinese
to come to Arizona, but his cemetery marker is the
earliest one to have Chinese writing, providing valuable
information about the earliest Chinese pioneers in
Arizona.
Mr. William Tang did
extensive research into the background of Deng Xiangyu
and detailed records. |
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The Temple of Deng Tianfang in Kaiping,
Guangdong Province |
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Cemetery unearthed Chinese jade and small Buddha like
objects |
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Footnote 1:
Tianfang Family Geneology Chart, 2001, kept by
Phoenician Deng Xibang |
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Footnote 2: Pioneer and Military
Memorial Park records and other
documents (reference name chart on
page 9) |
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2. Deng Xiang yuan family
contribution to Arizona's economy |
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According to Deng
Xiangyuan’s family history, his grandfather Deng
Dingyuan had four sons, the third son being his own
father Deng Tianfang, who was a playboy. Sources say,
“As a young man, he was averse to work and spent all his
days gambling. Therefore his father personally went to
the gambling den to beat him with a stick.” According
to Qing dynasty law, this was normal behavior to
discipline sons, as Deng Dingyuan was a powerful man.
However, Deng Tianfang finally was able to repent and
redeem himself by announcing he would erect a shrine
attesting to his complete change. He decided to go into
business and started a brewery, grain mill, and
hog-raising industry. After years of hard work and
thriftiness, he succeeded and in his later years erected
a shrine stating his wish: “The wayward son’s return is
more precious than gold, and this shrine’s testament is
a profound teaching to later generations.” (reference
footnote 1)
Those times were in the
middle of the nineteenth century, when a tide of Chinese
immigrants from the coastlines of Guangdong Province
began, first to California to dig for gold, then to
build the railroads. After the railroads were built, a
portion went back to China, and a portion worked in
mines and farms. Some stayed in Phoenix to open
laundries restaurants, and other businesses.
Deng Tianfang had four
sons: Fanyuan, Zaoyuan, Xianyuan, and Xiangyuan.
Xiangyuan was the youngest. The oldest Fanyuan took
care of his father Deng Tianfang’s inherited business.
He never came to America. The second son Zaoyuan
married a Yu woman at that time and his son Deng Sheng
was born in 1889.
In 1910, twenty-one
year-old Deng Sheng came to Phoenix via Quangzhou and
SanFrancisco. He used the English name Shing Tang and
took over his uncle’s grocery business at 529 S. 7th
Avenue. His uncle soon after returned to China. He
opened a new grocery store in 1912 at 622 S. 7th
Avenue. In 1914 he married American-born Lucy Sing and
with her able assistance ran the business some 20 years,
becoming a successful businessman. He established the
Sun Mercantile Company and provided wholesale goods for
area grocery stores. (reference footnote 2) In April
of 1929, Sun Mercantile Company moved to a new $80,000
warehouse location at Jackson Street and Third Street
equipped with burglar alarm, fire sprinkler, and fire
alarm systems. This location was centered in the
twentieth-century’s newly established warehouse area and
was critical to Chinese-born businessmen because it was
the first and only warehouse available to them. Sun
Mercantile Company at that time was Del Monte’s first
wholesale customer in Arizona and provided Safeway,
Bashas, and other businesses with goods, enabling the
establishment of many other outlets. He was not only a
leading Chinese citizen but also was respected by other
Chinese clans. (reference footnote 3)
Sun Mercantile Company
was not only Phoenix’ largest wholesale distributor but
also serviced the rest of Arizona. The Arizona Republic
newspaper reported, “The Sun Mercantile Company is
Arizona’s warehouse with the largest assortment of
common use goods.” (reference footnote 4) The company’s
illustrious development history was called “An
outstanding page in the history of Phoenix and the Salt
River Valley.” (reference footnote 5)
In the 1920s and 1930s,
the anti-Chinese sentiment affected Chinese in America,
and most of the information about Chinese in America was
negative. However, Deng Sheng’s success as a an
entrepreneur was highly esteemed by the general public.
This was a significant contribution to the economic
development of Arizona.
Deng Sheng died in 1954
at the age of 65. His wife Lucy Sing died in 1980 at
the age of 84. Because they were both Roman Catholics,
they were buried at St. Francis Cemetery. I found out
this information after much effort. During this
research, I found some information about his parents.
Father’s English name Chou Yuen Tan, born in Guangdong
about 1850, died about 1910. Mother’s name Shee Yee.
(reference note 6) In addition, Deng Sheng’s courtesy
name was “ye,” so his family chart would have him
called Deng Anye, but after he came to America he did
not use it. Deng Sheng and his wife had ten children.
The sixth generation son was Deng Xinping, who
contributed greatly to Arizona’s political and military
history.
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Footnote 1:
Tianfang Family Geneology Chart, 2001, kept by
Phoenician Deng Xibang |
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Footnote 2: Yamamoto,
David, Lucy Sing Tang and Judge Thomas Tang
interview , October 25, 1976 |
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Footnote 3: Weight,
Kevin, Brief History of Phoenix’ Sun Mercantile
Building, City of Phoenix Historic Preservation
Office, October 12, 2005 |
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Footnote 4: Tipton, Gary,”
Men Out of China,” Journal of Arizona History, 1977
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Footnote 5: Arizona-Find a
Grave Search Results |
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3 . Deng
Xiang yuan family
contribution to the legal and military aspects of the
United States. |
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Deng Xinping (Thomas
Tang) was Deng Sheng’s sixth son as well Deng
Xiangyuan’s grand nephew. Thomas Tang was born in
Phoenix on January 11, 1922 and attended public
schools. When World War II began, he joined the US Army
ROTC and at age 20 was an Army second lieutenant and
sent to the China-Burma-India Theater in Yunnan,
Guangxi, and other places to supply the Chinese forces
and to recover Japanese-captured resources. (reference
footnote 1) He was one of Arizona’s Chinese-Americans
to go to China’s front lines to fight the Japanese
aggressors. After the end of World War II, he returned
to the United States to attend college and graduated
from Santa Clara University in 1947. He then joined in
the Korean War as a captain, and when he returned to the
United States, he earned a law degree from the
University of Arizona and became one of Arizona’s three
Chinese lawyers.
In 1952, Thomas Tang
served as Deputy County Attorney for Maricopa County and
as Assistant Attorney General for Arizona in 1956. From
1960 to 1962, he served on the Phoenix City Council and
in 1962 was Vice Mayor. In 1962 he became a Superior
Court Justice, and in 1977 he was selected Chairman of
the Arizona Bar Association. President Jimmy Carter
appointed him to the Ninth Circuit Court in 1977, where
he served for 16 years . People considered him to be
calm and gentlemanly, and he advocated development of
civil and minority rights. He authored 400 opinions on
Indian laws, labor rights, and other problems. Thomas
Tang was the first Chinese American to rise to this
level in the legal field and has not been surpassed by
others. (reference footnotes 3 and 4)
In 1992, federal justice
Thomas Tang gave a very meaningful speech on racial
discrimination. He said that United States law clearly
opposes racial discrimination, but in practical life
discrimination is evident deliberately or not
deliberately. Discrimination against Asians has the
longest and sharpest history. We Asians must resolve
this problem and join together as a group to let society
know this force cannot be dismissed. At the same time,
we must strive to overcome with science and culture to
achieve success in government and economy.
In addition to
prominence in government and judicial circles, Thomas
Tang is honored by having American Legion Post 50 named
after him. In 1950, Thomas Tang was one of the 44
founding members of the post along with three
Mexican-Americans. The died in 1995 at the age of 73.
Thomas Tang American
legion Post 50 records show 77 Arizona Chinese-Americans
served during World War II. By researching family names
of some 40-plus officers and enlisted men, including six
martyrs, I found James Sing was Thomas Tang’s uncle.
James Sing died in a World War II Japanese Zero Kamikaze
suicide attack. James Sing enlisted in June of 1942 in
the US Army Air Corps and received training in the B-25
in Texas and advanced training in California. In April
of 1943, his 345 Bomb Group was deployed to the South
Pacific. On November 9, 1944, the ship he was on
stopped at Leyte Island in the Philippines, and on
November 18, 1944, an Imperial Japanese Navy Zero
Kamikaze loaded with fuel bombed them and them crashed
into the ship’s deck and exploded. Of the 345 personnel
aboard, 89 died from the explosion and fire and 100 were
wounded. James Sing was burned to death by gasoline.
(reference footnote 6)
Footnote 1: Deng Xinping
http://baike.baidu.com/view/4259320.htm |
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Footnote 2: Deng Xinping, “Kaiping Mingren
Huicui,” 195, Kaiping Library |
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Footnote 3, 4: Thomas
Tang:Wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Tang: by Wolfgang
Saxon, July 22, 1995 |
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Footnote 5, 6: Tang, K.C., American Legion
Thomas Tang Post 50, 1997 |
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Work hard to discover
early Chinese immigrants'
contributions |
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After the “tombstone
puzzle” was solved, the Chinese United Association of
Greater Phoenix (CUAGP) continued to support the effort
to discover the history of Chinese ancestors and to
track down the whereabouts of the relics excavated from
the cemetery. Raymond Tang, President of CUAGP and
Homer Zhang, President of PCWC, went to museums and
university libraries consulted a great number of
relevant documents, photographs and information about
the history of Chinese ancestors and the excavated
cultural relics. However, over a hundred of these
documents and artifacts were mostly preserved in the
vacuum sealed storage in the museum and the university
libraries. In order for our next generations to access
these information and artifacts and learn more the life
history of Chinese ancestors, we need to make
unremitting efforts for the establishment of a Chinese
History Museum. |
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Homer Zhang and Raymond Tang
Read the
documents in the museum |
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Unearthed cultural
relics, which is part of it. |
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Homer Zhang wrote the history of
the Chinese ancestors of the province of
China and other works, by the China "
Chinese Overseas Chinese History Museum"
collection, issued honor certificate.
China Post has issued commemorative
stamps for Homer Zhang . |
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中文版(
Chinese)
http://www.paaca.us/new_page_144.htm |
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努力發掘華人先民的歴史貢獻
張肇鴻 |
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鳳凰城的先鋒軍紀念公園是鳳凰城最早的墓地之一,具有重要的歷史價值。
公墓是許多著名人民的墳場,並且保存關於亞利桑那的早期定居者的許多重要信息。
在分成七個區的11英畝公墓,有3,700個墓葬和約600個墓碑。
早期的中國移民被埋在墓地的窮人中間。
從1886年到1914年,有50個中國和中國後裔被埋在墓地,許多這些中國遺骸後來被他們的親人送回中國。
由於這些中國人沒有出現在地方報紙,在辨認這些中國人及其家人和後代方面信息非常有限。
在上世纪1990-1992年,
ASU大學的考古學者
K. J. Schroeder在鳳凰城市中心的"先民和軍人紀念墓園"
(Pioneer & Military Memorial Park)
中,發現了一塊中文墓碑,他試圖找尋墓葬者的後人,藉此宏揚華人開拓亞省的光榮歷史。并尋求華人學者唐孝先先生的幫助,但因死者的姓名是以鄉音譯成英文,不諳廣東方言難於去調查。所以20多年過去,仍找不到的墓葬者的後人。因此在墓園的歷史檔案中,存留著一個未能解開的"墓碑之謎"。
為解開這個謎團,張肇鴻 (鳳凰城華人福利會主席)
多年來一直在做資料搜集,多次去墓園進行調查。華人墓地上的中文墓碑只寫有:"開平大樓村人鄧湘遠墳墓"。"鄧"字寫得很有氣勢。"遠"字也很有特色。如把"遠"字拆開來看,讓人聯想到華人先輩為了糊"口",帶上了故鄉一把"土",邁著沉重的腳步,上了一條沒有歸程的"船",來到了這個被人稱為"金山"的地方。這不單是個名字,更是實況,家鄉萬里迢迢啊!墓葬者似乎忘掉了歲月,忘掉了親人,最後客死在異鄉。他的墳墓早已不存在,墓碑形影相弔,連生來死去的日期也未留下。但最可悲可嘆的,是歲月也忘掉了他,至親也忘掉了他,他不能魂歸故里,最終成了孤魂野鬼,在這荒野墓園寂寥悲涼地存在了一百多年!
雖然早期也有些族人來拜祭過他,但隨著親屬故去,墓地多年來再沒有人来过!
在互聯網上尋找開平大樓村的資料,但也只能找到一個郵區號碼而已!往事如煙,几近絕望時,張肇鴻得到了鳳凰城華人福利會,鳳凰城鄧高密公所、先民和軍人紀念墓園
志工Donna
Carr,學者唐孝先先生,,還有许多開平老僑們熱心提供線索,經過20年不懈的资料積累和努力發掘,最終在鄧氏族譜中查到這個"遠"字的內涵,得以解开墓碑主人的身世。現已查明,華人墓地上這塊惟一的墓碑和文字,是鳳凰城華人先民遺留下來最早的文物,而所查到的鄧湘遠家族,無論在文化、經濟、軍事和法律方面,在亞省歷史上都有過積極的貢獻。
美國立國二百余年,百年前的遺物就如中國發現千年前的文物那般的珍貴!在這歷史紀念墓園中,曾經埋葬著最早來到鳳凰城的五十位華人先民,他們其中有部分人的骸骨已被早期的親屬起出後運回到中國,部分遷移到其它墓園。剩下的還有22位無人認領先民的骸骨,仍葬於此地。目前,除墓碑主人鄧湘遠前後6代人的族譜經已查明外,其余的墓葬者只留下鄉音的英文姓名和殘缺的資料。因为他们是第一批來自中国的鳳凰城華人,本地華人社區為他們舉行了紀念儀式。
參加次這追悼活動的有資深僑領余文勁,學術界代表唐孝先,鳳凰城僑聯總會主席余文澤,僑聯前主席鄧朝駒,斐匿華人福利會主席張肇鴻,鄧高密公所主席鄧豐占、成員鄧家彥、鄧家健,開平同鄉會主席關兆峰、副主席鄧汝楊,余風采堂代表余富強,榮光會理事高志中、中國餐館協會董事巫宜釗、成員朱其華,台聯會名譽主席陳彩屏、其女兒朱莞菁,美國陸軍憲兵士官朱莞菱,龍岡公所書記張萬波、代表劉陳愛卿。亞省太陽鳥華人網主編謝成彥。《美西僑報》、太陽鳥華人網、鳳凰華人資訊網、鳳凰藝文網全程關注和報導"墓碑謎團"組文。娟娟花店制作了追悼活動的花圈和花籃。
為了紀念鳳凰城華人先民對亞省歷史開拓的貢獻,也為了讓墓地上這些查不到後人的靈魂得到安息,今後能得到華人的憑吊和拜祭,故在2014年,由資深僑領余文勁先生倡導,並由鳳凰城華人福利會捐款,由Greenwood
Memory建造"華人先輩紀念墓碑"。
此計劃得到了"大鳳凰城僑聯總會","先民和軍人歷史紀念墓園"和"綠木墓園"領導的高度重視和大力支持。由於建造墓碑的手續繁多,經過了經年的運作和等待,"華人先輩紀念墓碑"終於由中國運回至鳳凰城。2015年9月16日,大鳳凰城僑聯總會舉行了墓碑奠基儀式。
《鳳凰城華人先民紀念墓碑 》
1993年,ASU大學研究人類學者K.
J. Schroeder和考古小組在鳳凰城的《先民和軍人紀念墓園》(Pioneer
& Military Memorial Park,出土了一些中國錢幣、骨器、玉器和小菩薩像等物件,考古學者主編了一本書籍:"Pioneer
& Military Memorial Park Archaeological Project in Phoenix
Arizona 1990-1992"。
墓地中有惟一的一塊中文墓碑,墓碑矮小單薄,
碑文只有:"開平大樓村人鄧湘遠墳墓",沒更多的線索。K.
J. Schroeder請華人學者唐孝先先生,在華人報刊上刊登消息,試圖找尋墓葬者的後代,以期研究其生平、思想、家族等,藉此宏揚華人開拓亞省的光榮歷史。但20多年過去了,郤一直未能解開這個"墓碑之謎"。
張肇鴻(斐匿華人福利會會长)多年來搜集相關資料,並將得到的資料作出整理,希望能解開這個墓碑謎團。在尋覓過程中,從查詢姓名到翻閱族譜,從跟進歷史到拜訪前僑,從美國墓園查詢到中國僑鄉。張肇鴻在華文報刊和網站先後發表了10篇文章,引起僑界反響,有不少老僑提供線索,並得到墓園方面的協助,經過多年的努力,終於讓謎團有了答案。資料顯示:鄧湘遠是很早就來到亞利桑那州的華人,他的墓碑是亞省華人遺留下來的最早的墓碑,碑文是亞省最早的中國文字。墓碑對今後研究亞省華人的歷史文化有很大的參考價值。而在鄧湘遠後代的族譜中,有一位是美國第9巡迴法院大法官鄧心平(1922年—1995年),鄧心平名字的出現,讓墓碑謎團到最後帶出了一個個光環。
2014年5月26日,鳳凰城僑界到《先民和軍人紀念墓園》展開對華僑先民的追悼和拜祭活動。包括資深僑領余文勁、鳳凰城僑聯總會、斐匿華人福利會、鄧高密公所、余風采堂、開平同鄉會、中國餐館協會、榮光會、臺聯會、龍岡公所、學術界、亞省太陽鳥華人網等團體的成員,向華人墓地獻上花圈花藍,鞠躬致敬,在慎終追遠中,寄托對華人先輩的悼念。
有一個很深的感觸,在早期華人墓地裏埋葬有五十華人,當年無論生前死後都是地位低微,是受岐視的一族,在那個排華時代,他們有著許多心酸的故事。百年前鄧湘遠先輩的墓碑矮小單薄,有如是那個時代華人的歷史地位低微的寫照。由於年代久遠,鄧湘遠連魂歸故裏、尋覓至親之路也困難重重。他的墓碑在曠野荒塚中自憐,在歷史寂寥歲月中等待......。今天,這一頁終於翻過。墓碑為亞省華人留下了一份珍貴的歷史文化遺產。今後,"華人墓園第一碑"和鄧湘遠名字將不會再被人們遺忘。張肇鴻專門去和鄧湘遠的墓碑照了張相,也去了另一個"綠木墓園"的"華人紀念墓園"碑照了一張相,以此用作對照。鳳凰城"綠木墓園"(Greenwood/Memory
Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery)創建於1906年,是亞利桑那州最大的墓園
。
一九九二年,亞省的著名僑領余文勁先生,有感於華人墓地不集中,聯同華人福利會和綠木墓園管理層商議,新開辟出亞省首個"華人墓地公園"(Chinese
memorial garden),不但樹立有紀念墓園石碑,還專門內建尊貴地位的"王室墓地",充分反應出綠木墓園高層對華人地位的尊重。這是在一百多年前,華人做夢都想不到的變化。由於墓園為華人著想,尊重華人的文化風俗,目前已有大批華人置地安葬。
今天,華人的地位有了顯著的提升,在不斷地溶入主流社會中,觀念和胸懷也在不斷擴充,華人不再沈鬱在過去的歷史和社會所給予的不公,而是更積極去面對,為日臻完善制度作出貢獻,並勇於參與未來的開拓和創新。
華人墓地仍埋葬著廿余位華人先民,斐匿華人福利會決定為他們立一個紀念墓碑,讓這些在最早期開拓亞利桑那州華人的先民們,也能得到應有的地位和尊重。這個決定得到了鳳凰城市政府
、墓園決策高層和鳳凰城僑聯總會的大力支持和高度重視,墓碑已建造好,
鳳凰城僑界舉行了公祭儀式活動。
一,鄧湘遠家族對華人先民歷史的貢獻
http://www.paaca.us/new_page_dgy-mb14.htm
二,鄧湘遠家族對
亞利桑那州經濟方面的貢獻
http://www.paaca.us/new_page_dgy-mb16.htm
三,鄧湘遠家族對美國法律和軍事方面的貢獻
http://www.paaca.us/new_page_dgy-mb17.htm
「墓碑迷團」解開後,鳳凰城僑聯總會繼續支持發掘華人先民歷史和查詢墓地出土文物的去向。僑聯主席鄧洪龯和華人福利會主席張肇鴻去博物館和大學圖書館查閱,獲得了大量相關的文件、相片,以及出土文物的資料。但這些文物和資料,目前絕大部分都收藏在圖書館內和博物館密室的封存中,華人先民的物件有過百件!如何讓這些文物重見天日,讓我們的下一代能了解更多早期華人先民的生活和奮鬥歷史,建立華人歷史博物館,還需要我們華人自身去作不懈的努力!
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2015年11月21日上午10時,歲次乙未年十月初十
上午十時,鳳凰城華人僑界以鮮花素果之儀,拜祭華人先輩之靈。 |
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回溯故國
積弱百年 鄉土不靖 子民外遷 漂洋過海 浪急風險 謀生海外
人離鄉賤
移民鳳城 艱苦扛肩 焚風赤地 烈日炎炎 篳路藍縷 力盡艱險
安身立命 修建家園
排華惡法 歧視如鞭 六十余載 苦不堪言 含辛茹苦 不敵殘年
嗚呼哀哉 西土長眠
悼我先民 墓葬異域 香燭無繼 形影垂憐 歲月無情 至親不見
孤魂野鬼 寥寂百年
蒼天有眼 曙光乍現 紀念歷史 保留墓園 尋我先輩 發掘貢獻
不遺余力 豎碑立傳
人間有愛 遲來也善 泉下先民 恕我宕延 組織僑民 匯合社團
敬我前輩 慎終追遠
鮮花素果 拜祭先靈 憑弔肅穆 儀式莊嚴 僑界公祭 集體悼念
天地見證 今成祭典。 |
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《墓碑謎團
》(Chinise) http://www.paaca.us/new_page_144.htm |
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